3. sterilization and disinfection: differences and applications

As a permanent make-up artist, it is crucial to understand the terms sterilization and disinfection and to apply them correctly. Both procedures are key components of hygiene practice, but differ fundamentally in their purpose and application.

3.1 Sterilization

3.1.1 Definition:  

Sterilization is a process that completely kills or removes all forms of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores. The aim of sterilization is to achieve absolute sterility.

3.1.2 Methods of sterilization:

- Autoclaving: Uses moist steam under high pressure (approx. 121-134°C) and is one of the most reliable methods for sterilizing reusable instruments.

- Hot air sterilization: Heats objects at temperatures of 160-180°C for a

 certain time, suitable for materials that do not tolerate damp heat.

- Chemical sterilization: Uses chemical agents (e.g. ethylene oxide gas) to sterilize materials that are sensitive to heat.

- Radiation sterilization: Uses ionizing radiation (e.g. gamma rays) to sterilize disposable items and medical devices.

3.1.3 Application in practice:

- Instruments: All reusable instruments that come into contact with open areas of skin or mucous membranes must be sterilized. Examples include needles, tweezers and scissors.

- Packaging: After sterilization, the instruments must be stored in sterile packaging to prevent recontamination.

3.2 Disinfection

3.2.1 Definition:  

Disinfection is the process of reducing the number of pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces and in materials so that they can no longer cause infections. In contrast to sterilization, disinfection does not kill all microorganisms, but only those that are pathogenic.

3.2.2 Methods of disinfection:

- Chemical disinfection: Use of disinfectants such as alcohol, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide or quaternary ammonium compounds to disinfect surfaces and materials.

- Physical disinfection: Use of heat (e.g. hot water or steam) or UV light to reduce germs on surfaces.

3.2.3 Application in practice:

- Surfaces: Work surfaces, chairs, lamps and other objects that cannot be sterilized should be disinfected regularly.

- Skin disinfection: Before each treatment, the client's skin is disinfected to reduce pathogenic microorganisms. Skin-friendly disinfectants are used for this.

- Hand hygiene: Your hands should be disinfected before and after each customer contact to avoid cross-contamination.

To summarize:

Sterilization is aimed at absolute sterility and is mainly used for instruments that come into direct contact with open skin areas or mucous membranes.

Disinfection reduces the number of pathogenic germs to a safe level and is used on surfaces, skin and hands.

By applying both sterilization and disinfection correctly and consistently, you ensure that your working environment and instruments meet the highest standards of hygiene. This is crucial for the safety of your customers and for preventing infections in your practice.